Why are some cattle herds more likely to produce male or female calves? This article explores how climate, cow condition, previous calf sex, seasonality and individual sire effects may influence calf sex ratios. South African data from two composite beef breeds are examined, including differences between individual sires and the overall ratio close to 50:50. The article also explains the potential use of sexed semen to target specific production goals, such as producing more heifer replacements. Its key message is that calf sex ratios reflect a complex interaction of biological and management factors, with practical implications for breeding strategy and herd profitability.
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