How do breeders move from visual appraisal to reliable, objective genetic selection? This article examines the role of performance recording, pedigree information, contemporary groups, selection indices, BLUP breeding values and genomic information in modern livestock improvement. It explains the limitations of simple performance indices, including the assumptions they make about heritability and environmental effects, and shows how combining pedigree, performance and genomic information can improve the prediction of genetic merit. Its central message is that technology is valuable only when supported by sound breeding objectives, appropriate interpretation and reliable recording.
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